YEAR	DECEPTION	AUTHOR	SOURCE	SELECTION	ABSTRACT
2009	False confession-how to understand it from Freud to the FMRI	Cassandra Klyman MD	Psychiatry CD	10560	Psychodynamic motives emanating from a need for punishment, displaced guilt and/or narcissistic drives for attention however notorious have been the usual suspects considered to explain this perverse behavior. Recently studies of the brain particularly in the investigation of obsessive-compulsive disorder shed light on one source and pattern of intrusive thinking that is, in fact, modifiable in one s experience and in one s behavior. This presentation will focus on a single clinical example and briefly mention five other patients where this has application in the author s practice. A review of some historical characters will be included. Dr. Klyman is Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Wayne State University College of Medicine.
2009	Detecting deception during consensual conversation	R Edward Geiselman PhD	psychology CD	10574	Fabricated stories about autobiographical events often contain elements that are less likely to be found in true stories. The range of indicators includes verbal, vocal, and behavioral elements. These indicators must be viewed as imperfect clues that only sometimes discriminate a deceptive statement from a truthful statement. The diagnostic power of the indicators can be enhanced with appropriate investigative interview procedures. Dr. R. Edward Geiselman is a Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles. He has served as a consultant to numerous federal, state, and local law-enforcement agencies including Homeland Security.
2009	Methodology of the assessment of false confession: a primer of assessment	Michael J. Perrotti, Ph.D.	psychology CD	10606	The methodology and assessment of false confession is discussed. A model of assessment is presented wherein the protocol of how a false confession occurs is illustrated via assessment instruments measuring suggestibility, personality factors conducive to false confessions. A typology of various kinds of false confessions will be covered. Following this presentation, attendees should 1) be able to assess a defendant for false confession and be versed in the assessment instruments to evaluate false confession; 2) be able to distinguish false from genuine confessions; 3) be aware of the different kinds of defendants who are at risk for false confessions. Michael J. Perrotti, Ph.D. is a clinical and forensic neuropsychologist in private practice in Yorba Linda, California.
2008	Deceptions in psychopharmacology	Ansar Haroun MD	psychiatry CD	10752	Clinical psychiatrists routinely use psychopharmacological interventions, and forensic psychiatrists often work on cases involving psychotropic medications, in a variety of contexts, including forensic analyses of patients' competency to refuse medication, the permissibility of a court ordering involuntary medications, based on the Sell decision, malpractice cases involving medications, and abuses of informed consent. Valid informed consent requires that three elements be satisfied, including: information be transmitted, patient's decision be voluntary, patient have decision making capacity. All three elements may be fudged, resulting in assent rather than consent, which may be uninformed, rather than informed. We will review some of the abuses of all three of these elements, which result in a failure of valid informed consent, and we will argue that real informed consent is a myth, rather than a reality.
2008	Identifiying and combating fraud and abuse in your forensic practice	Hall DC			This presentation will review the problems of fraud and abuse in clinical forensic practice. Case presentations will cover psychologists who have been criminally charged or have disciplined by their boards for fraud. Data from the National Insurance Crime Bureau as well as other agencies will considered. The interests, actions and viewpoint of the board of psychology will be considered in depth. New methods used by insurance companies to track abusive providers will also be covered. The new problem of medical ID theft will be described. The presenter will conclude with recommendations about identifying, reporting and preventing fraud in one's practice and profession followed by questions
2008	Childhood sexual abuse indicators (SAI) for differentiating genuine from false allegations	Howard Terrell MD	psychiatry journal	8019	Child molestation is a pervasive crime. It typically has lifelong detrimental effects upon the child victim. Allegations of child molestation can also have lifelong effects upon the accused, regardless of whether of not they commited the crime. In this information age, children, parents, school officials, health care professionals and law enforcement officials are more aware of the crime and more inclined to promptly address it when such allegations are made. By the same token many people are aware that even the mere accusation of child molestation can immediately halt a child custody dispute, turn it to the advantage of the accusing parent and in the process potentially destroy the life, reputation and career of the accused, regardless of any culpability. This article outlines the Sexual Abuse Indicators that arose from a multidisciplinary panel study of mental health professionals, legal experts and other professionals who combined have had over two centuries of experience in dealing with sexual offenders and their child victims. The SAI is offered as a new instrument intended to aid the forensic evaluator and other related professionals in delineating the most essential signs, symptoms and findings for assessing genuine versus false allegations of child molestations.
2008	Deceptions in psychopharmacology	Ansar M Haroun M.D . Shahram Ahari, MPH	psychiatry CD	10628	Clinical psychiatrists routinely use psychopharmacological interventions, and forensic psychiatrists often work on cases involving psychotropic medications, in a variety of contexts, including forensic analyses of patients' competency to refuse medication, the permissibility of a court ordering involuntary medications, based on the Sell decision, malpractice cases involving medications, and abuses of informed consent. Valid informed consent requires that three elements be satisfied, including: information be transmitted, patient's decision be voluntary, patient have decision making capacity. All three elements may be fudged, resulting in assent rather than consent, which may be uninformed, rather than informed. We will review some of the abuses of all three of these elements, which result in a failure of valid informed consent, and we will argue that real informed consent is a myth, rather than a reality.--Ansar Haroun, M.D. is the Supervising Psychiatrist at the San Diego Superior Court. He teaches at UCSD School of Medicine, where he is a Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, and at USD School of Law, where he is an Adjunct Professor of Law. Shahram Ahari is a UCSF health researcher with expertise in misinformation (how industry can misinform doctors).
2008	Identifying and combating fraud and abuse in your forensic practice	David C. Hall, Ph.D.	psychology CD	10661	This presentation will review the problems of fraud and abuse in clinical forensic practice. Case presentations will cover psychologists who have been criminally charged or have disciplined by their boards for fraud. Data from the National Insurance Crime Bureau as well as other agencies will considered. The interests, actions and viewpoint of the board of psychology will be considered in depth. New methods used by insurance companies to track abusive providers will also be covered. The new problem of medical ID theft will be described. The presenter will conclude with recommendations about identifying, reporting and preventing fraud in one's practice and profession followed by questions.--David C. Hall, Ph.D. is a psychologist in private practice specializing in evaluation and treatment of work related injuries. He is a member of the Employers Fraud Task Force in Southern California and has worked with the National Insurance Crime Bureau on fraud cases involving psychologists.
2006	Credibility assessment psychophysiology and policy in the detection of deception	Jennifer Verndmia PhD	psychology journal	7032	no abstract
2005	Trick, deceptive, and difficult questions posed at deposition and trial	David Glaser MD	psychiatry tape	3139	Attorneys, being advocates for their clients, will go to any length to prevail. They have many tools (beyond their experience and talent) to make an expert look biased, foolish, unprepared, or lacking in knowledge. This presentation will be a relatively fast paced approach to the many questions, and how to handle them, that run the spectrum from the generic trick question to the unexpected. Drawing from his own personal experience as well as hours of discourse with other experts and attorneys, this presenter will provide a practical means to field the most challenging questions.
2004	Deception syndrome revisited	Emmanuel Aquino MD	psychiatry tapes	3116	The case presents a prevarication syndrome, not new in the sphere of psychiatry, yet unique.
2003	Psychology of false confessions	John Podboy PhD	psychiatry tapes	3011	Police interrogations in the United States today are almost entirely psychological in nature. Nonetheless, false confessions are routinely discovered by forensic experts as three recent cases will illustrate. These false confessions have been categorized as voluntary, false, coerced compliant, and coerced internalized. The primary reasons for these false confessions will be discussed and suggestions offered for uncovering this type of behavior.
2002	Deception, dangerousness, psychiatrists' decision making	Roger Sporks PhD Nancy Thornborrow PhD	psychiatry journal	449	This article analyzes the process of psychiatric decision making that is used to determine whether a subject should be involuntarily confined because he may be a danger to himself or others. The article has two objectives. First, using the methodology of decision analysis, it aims to identify important parameters affecting the psychiatric evaluation. These include, for example, the probability of deception by the subject and the payoffs to the psychiatrist from the various outcomes that may arise. Secondly, the article develops a model to investigate whether psychiatrists tend to overpredict or underpredict dangerousness; and the results of this model are consistent with overprediction. That is, psychiatrists do not err on the side of inappropriately releasing persons who turn out to be dangerous. Instead, their errors involve the unwarranted detainment of persons unlikely to be dangerous.
2002	Psychiatric fraud - why do psychiatrists pretend they can properly diagnose religious delusions?	Ansar Haroun MD	psychiatry tapes	2031	Two years ago WB cut the throat of a 10-year-old boy, saying God told him to do so. Every psychiatrist who examined him concluded that because his beliefs were false, fixed, and of a religious nature, he must consequently be suffering from a religious delusion. Dr. Haroun, who examined him, supported these findings but could not find scientific evidence that the patient s beliefs were false. Private discussions revealed that the methodology used by many forensic experts is based not on science (as the doctors pretend) but rather on pseudoscience.
2001	Deception in children	Suzanne Dupee MB, BS	psychiatry journal	162	Deception in children is part of the continuum of their development. It is an inherent quality among mortals as everyone has told a lie at some stage in their lives. Lies can be big, small, "white" and harmless or anything in between. In fact, many of the actions we carry out on a daily basis could be deemed as being deceitful to others. In this article I will explore how deception in children changes through their development and endeavor to identify patterns and methods of deception in various age groups from toddlerhood through adolescence. Additionally, I will give examples of special circumstances encountered in children and their deception, both directly and indirectly. These include children in court or legal situations as witnesses and/or victims of crimes, child custody battles and the reporting of suspected child abuse.
2001	Deceptions of psychiatry residents	Carol Bernstein MD	psychiatry journal	456	This article examines deceptions on the part of psychiatry residents with respect to their training programs and program directors. Two clinical case vignettes are presented in an attempt to explore deceptions of commission and deceptions of omission as well as the boundary between a resident s right to privacy and a program s need for disclosure of personal information which impacts upon patient care. Residency training programs are the gateway into the medical community and residency directors are responsible for ensuring the competency of their residents. The two clinical vignettes will demonstrate the ways in which this is no small task when a resident makes the decision to deceive.
2001	Deceptions in military psychiatry	Matthew Carroll MD	psychiatry journal	447	Deception in the military medical arena has occurred throughout history, and continues to this day. Classic malingering to avoid military duties occurs, as well as more subtle forms of malingering and deception for financial gain or other benefits of military service. Deception may involve individuals other than the patient, such as military recruiters, other service members, family members, and military physicians. Deception may also be used as a means to enter military service, maintain, or advance a military career. The military is a unique environment that is associated with unique types of deception. Specific service requirements, rules and regulations, and the rigors of military life may foster deception in some individuals.
2001	Sexual exploitation- an extreme of professional deception	Steven Samuel PhD Gregg Gorton MD	psychiatry journal	1319	Seven current issues regarding sexual exploitation, viewed as an extreme form of professional deception, are addressed: how the proper set of boundaries between therapist and client can best be conceptualized, the general lack of formal state regulation of psychotherapy, criminalization of doctor/therapist patient sex, education for prevention of sexual misconduct and how to assess its efficacy, potential rehabilitation of exploitative professionals, treatment of patients victimized by professionals, and the professional cultural changes that are occurring as health fields address professional exploitation in a frank, open, therapeutic manner.
2001	Deception in psychiatric reimbursement	CJ Wolf MD	psychiatry journal	455	An Albuquerque psychiatrist was convicted of 228 counts of criminal health care fraud and was ordered to pay $700,000 in penalties for submitting false claims to government health programs. Specifically, he provided care for and billed for patients in the hospital when it was later determined (during a record review and audit) that the patients did not require hospitalization (4). Medicare requires an active treatment plan for patients admitted to inpatient hospitalization programs as well as partial hospitalization programs and if a physician does not document this plan and its medical necessity, then it is assumed such a high level of care was unnecessary and a repayment of funds will be required. If investigators find evidence that the psychiatrist had a financial interest in keeping patients hospitalized then accusations of fraud may begin, followed by investigations and audits of patients records. There are many incentives tempting us to deceive. Money is one of the most powerful of these driving forces. With rising medical costs, decreasing insurance coverage and stagnating salaries, it is no wonder that deceptive practices are becoming more common throughout the process of obtaining reimbursement for psychiatric services. Likewise, it is not surprising that regulatory agencies are scrutinizing financial reimbursements of mental health care. This article discusses some of the major reviews, audits and reimbursement issues associated with the practice of psychiatric and psychological care. Intentional deception (fraud) and inadvertent errors (abuse) are discussed along with the repercussions of each. Insufficient documentation, incorrect coding and lack of medical necessity are frequently cited as either fraudulent or abusive. In either case, fines are levied, citations written, providers excluded from participation and costly compliance programs mandated. The few, truly deceptive bring about a cloud of suspicion over the rest of their colleagues.
2001	Neuropsychiatric aspects of deception	Godehard Oepen MD, PhD	psychiatry journal	448	In forensic psychiatry, it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of different factors contributing to a phenomenon or behavior, ranging from the psychological to the organic. Knowledge of neuropsychiatric factors may thus help the forensic psychiatrist to better appreciate the forces at work in patients who deceive and thus enlighten the lawyers and the jury, without however being able to fully explain the complex phenomenon of deception.
2001	Deceptive confessions - a review of the current literature on false confessions	Amanda Ruiz MD	psychiatry journal	310	This article seeks to review the current understanding of false confessions, including three subtypes of voluntary false confessions and two subtypes of involuntary or psychologically "coerced" false confessions. This article also seeks to highlight psychiatric factors which may indicate the presence of an individual vulnerable to making a false confession, and suggests methods to assist the reader in recognizing false confessions. American police are poorly trained about the dangers of interrogation and false confession. Rarely are police officers instructed in how to avoid false confessions, how to understand what causes false confessions or how to recognize the forms those false confessions take or their distinguishing characteristics
2001	Deceptions in addiction psychiatry	Nancy Withers MD, PhD	psychiatry journal	451	[T]here are many forms of deception in addiction psychiatry. Patients may deceive their clinicians (and themselves) by denying or minimizing the extent of their substance abuse. This is a universal phenomenon. Their deception may be in spoken words, or by hiding symptoms (e.g., tremors, sweats), evidence (needle marks on arms), or by altering the urine sample before a drug screen is performed. Patients may also feign an illness in order to receive prescribed medications for abuse (e.g., opioids or benzodiazepines). Physicians may deceive by not collecting information about substance abuse for insurance companies in an emergency room setting, to protect a patient s coverage. Patients in the legal system may even pretend to have a substance abuse disorder in order to have a more favorable sentence. In mental health settings, a patient with only a substance use disorder may deceive the psychiatrist by pretending to have an independent psychiatric disorder so that they can obtain disability funding. The addiction psychiatrist must be cognizant of all these forms of deception. Although some laboratory tests, symptoms and behavioral patterns may be helpful in penetrating the deception, the addiction psychiatrist will still be fooled some of the time!
2001	Deceptions in psychological testing	Richard Lewak PhD	psychiatry journal	452	Deception in the process of psychological testing is expected in a forensic setting where the stakes are particularly high. Attempts at deception can be conscious or unconscious, and they can be perpetrated by the individual being tested and by the expert witness. To minimize the occurrence of deception generally, expert witnesses are advised to administer objective, validated personality inventories that utilize measures of test-taking behavior and validated interpretive data. The MMPI-2 validity scales have been discussed in detail, as the MMPI-2 is the most widely used and researched personality test in the world and has passed the Frye test for admissibility. The validity scales of the MMPI-2, as well as the empirically validated interpretive data, have made the MMPI-2 an invaluable tool for forensic assessment and the minimization of deception.
2001	The placebo-ethics, deception and quackery	Lara Dunn MD	psychiatry journal	7086	no abstract
2000	Kleptomania - diagnosis, treatment and forensic considerations	Paul Good PhD	psychology tape	1036	Forensic psychologists are frequently evaluating defendants charged with petty theft. Most of these individuals are shoplifters with antisocial tendencies, but a small subgroup are true kleptomaniacs who are motivated by psychological reasons. The syndrome has been officially recognized by the professional community for twenty years as a disorder of impulse control. This presentation draws upon psychological testing data obtained from defendants attending the author s shoplifting program and will identify changing diagnostic criteria, new treatments including psychoeducational and pharmacological, and review the most effective legal strategies for presenting kleptomania in the courtroom. Case examples will illustrate.
2000	Deception, dangerousness, and psychiatrists' decision making	Roger Sparks PhD	psychology journal	5325	no abstract
1999	Psychology of false confession	Robert G. Ley, PhD	psychology tape	9080	Why would a person confess to a crime that he or she has not committed? Arguably, such a confession runs counter to the individual s self interest, particularly when the confession leads, as it usually does, to criminal conviction, prison sentencing, and even death (by execution). Rarely is the threat of physical harm or torture the reason for false confession but rather, it is usually due to a combination of factors which relate to the accused s personality structure, emotional state, or psychological vulnerabilities, all of which interact with the setting and nature of the interrogation. This presentation reviews the history and types of false confession, as well as some methods for identifying individuals who are predisposed to falsely confess. Case studies are presented. The legal ramifications of false confession and the implications for expert testimony will be discussed.
1999	Influence of culture in false confessions- a case study	Gloria Morote PhD	psychology tape	1165	Hispanic defendants are charged in disproportionate numbers, claims author, advancing that some 90 percent of Hispanic defendants charged with child molestation fail to meet legal definitional criteria.
1998	False positive errors on selected tests of malingering	Nancy Pachana Kyle Boone PhD Steven Ganzell PhD	psychology journal	5190	no abstract
1996	Growing up conditions and current psychsocial situation among kleptomaniacs and shoplifters	Elina Sarasalo MD Bo Bergman MD	psychiatry journal	852	One possible interpretation of our study is that, on the psychological level, strict discipline while growing-up and the frustration of never getting the things that the child wanted, may be of importance for the development of kleptomania (the description of frustration by the kleptomaniacs may of course also be interpreted as being an after-construction). These child rearing characteristics are hard to understand in the light of family violence and a generally unorganized lifestyle while growing-up was described. Thus kleptomania may be a way of compensating for such a background, characterized by so many inconsistencies in parents and other caregivers during the growing-up period. One may speculate whether the behavior of kleptomania functions as a protection from more severe forms of criminal and adjustment problems.
1996	Assessment of specific deception strategies used by personality inventory respondents	Richard Lanyon PhD	psychology journal	2118	Detection of deliberate deception during assessments by psychologists and other health care professionals is a problem of long-standing interest and importance, particularly in situations where there is a potential advantage to be gained by the respondent, such as in child custody, personal injury, criminal defense, and other court-related settings. Presented are five cases, each of which involved significant questions of response honesty versus deception.
1995	False confessions and police deception-the interrogation, incarceration and release of an innocent veteran	Mickey McMahon PhD	psychology journal	312	Police deception continues to be common. The Buddhist temple murders in Phoenix, Arizona, recently spawned a number of documented false confessions that fueled concern about police misconduct. A case example of a psychologically coercive interrogation of a mentally ill veteran is presented, including a content analysis of the audio-taped interrogation, a psychological assessment of the veteran, and an analysis of the circumstances surrounding the homicide allegation. Utilization of Underwager and Wakefield's (17) methodology made it possible to compare the interrogation of an adult homicide suspect with alleged child victims of sexual abuse. Similarities to the case presented by Underwager and Wakefield (5) are also drawn. Suggestions for decreasing false confessions and incarceration of the innocent are discussed.
1994	Whiplash disability claims - symptom free after settlement a falsehood	H Davis MD	psychiatry journal	1059	Suing for whiplash injury is appealing because the driver of the striking vehicle is almost always held responsible, however injudiciously the driver of the rammed vehicle has slammed on the brakes. The chances of winning a lottery are remote but being rear ended offers a better chance at the jackpot. Up to 75 percent of individuals injured in compensable accidents fail to return to gainful employment two years after legal settlement. The view that most patients become symptom free and resume work shortly following settlement of their claims is not supported.
1993	Detecting deception in verbal reports-remembrances of things past and not	Leigh Silverton Jeri Pamp	psychiatry tapes	10147	Forensic psychologists and psychiatrists are often called upon to assess claimed psychological sequelae to stressful life events. Presentation aimed at detecting embellishment, deception and exaggeration in verbal reports of traumatic events that were reported to have occurred in childhood.
1992	The corporate fraud case	Thane Crossley PhD Roger Guzman MD	psychology journal	5447	no
1992	The corporate fraud case	Thane Crossley PhD Roger Guzman MD	psychology journal	1917	no
1992	False allegations of child sexual abuse- fallacious accusations in divorce battles	Jamshid Marvasti MD	psychiatry tapes	1900	The concept of false allegations or unfounded cases of sexual abuse of children is discussed. Special attention is given to fallacious accusations during divorce and custody battles between parents. The difficulty in confirming sexual molestation of young children, absent any objective physical signs of sexual contact, is explored. Current procedures in gathering information, interviewing the complainant, procedures for formulating a conclusion are discussed.
1992	False allegations of sexual abuse and their apparent credibility	Terence Campbell PhD	psychology journal	5022	This article examines how false allegations of sexual abuse can seem so credible. These allegations originate as rumors but eventually acquire the appearance of verified facts. Consequently, the dynamics of rumor formation and rumor transmission, combined with constructivistic theory, appear to provide an explanatory model accounting for the origins and apparent credibility of these rumors. Ultimately, false allegations of sexual abuse both influence-and are influenced by- the systemic context in which they occur. As a result, parents and children alike can report false allegations without consciously fabricating them.
1992	False confessions and police deception	Ralph Underwager PhD Hollida Wakefield MA	psychology journal	6029	Police deception appears to be common. The structure and nature of law enforcement is a powerful influence that may produce police misbehavior. False confessions may result from a police interrogation that uses deceptive and deceitful practices. A psychologist who relates to the justice system needs to understand the extent, nature, and impact of police deceitfulness. A case example of a psychologically coercive interrogation which produced a nonvoluntary confession is presented.
1992	False confession- manipulative interrogation of the mentally disordered criminal suspect	Howard Terrell MD William Logan JD	psychiatry journal	6059	The majority of all criminal cases in the United States are solved by confession. A great deal has been written on the topic of interrogation techniques for law enforcement personnel. Very little has been written, however, on "false confessions" that have been obtained under police interrogation and later recanted. The following case history is that of a 64-year-old Korean war veteran who was manipulated into giving a "false confession" under intense police interrogation. The interrogation, itself, was conducted in a manner that recreated many circumstances similar to those in Korea that initially lead to his Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. This rendered him much more vulnerable to the interrogators manipulative efforts.
1992	False confessions and police deception	Ralph Underwager PhD Hollida Wakefield MA	psychology tape	1998	Police deception appears to be common. The structure and nature of law enforcement is a powerful influence that may produce police misbehavior. False confessions may result from a police interrogation that uses deceptive and deceitful practices. A psychologist who relates to the justice system needs to understand the extent, nature, and impact of police deceitfulness. A case example of a psychologically coercive interrogation which produced a nonvoluntary confession is presented.
1991	Interviewing and interrogation- methods for determining truth and deception	Jack S Annon PhD	psychology tape	1919	The goal of interrogation is primarily to detect deliberate secrecy and deliberate fabrication. Interview and interrogation templates used by law enforcement in eliciting confessions and contrast models used in experimental, developmental and clinical psychology for determining accuracy and validity of statements and discussed. Certain methods from psychology appear to show as much accuracy as hypnosis, without the dangers of induction.
1990	To catch a cheat- use of intentional deception in forensic psychological examinations	Linda Gummow PhD Vickie Gregory JD, PhD	psychology journal	6043	A key question upon which the expert psychological witness is often asked to express an opinion is the credibility of the litigant. Forensic iconoclasts, most visibly represented by Dr. Jay Ziskin, use psychological research findings to point out the fallibility of psychologists' opinions in areas such as witness credibility and dangerousness. The impression given is that the expert psychological witness might better serve the public by refusing to testify until better psychological data bases are developed. Since this outcome is unlikely to occur, the expert psychological witness wishing to render an opinion on a litigant's veracity must accept Ziskin's challenge. Some of the common abuses of psychological expert testimony in the area of litigant credibility determination are examined. Some currently available legitimate procedures which psychologists can use to make these important determinations are suggested.
1990	Shoplifting and kleptomania	H Davis MD	psychiatry journal	5036	Shoplifting, unlike kleptomania, is not marked by the buildup of similar tensions prior to the theft, nor with orgasmic release thereafter. The shoplifter is more likely to exhibit a history of ongoing anxiety and depression for some time, often weeks or months prior to the shoplifting incident, and there is more often a resistance to stealing (6), which is performed by the older, usually female patient. Furthermore, the theft is often undertaken in full view of others, with many individuals professing to be relieved when they are caught.
1990	Behavioral and verbal cues to possible distortion, deception, and malingering	Jack S Annon PhD	psychology tape	1759	Presentation of an original model by which forensic psychologists may assess data obtained from witnesses, victims, defendants, patients, in order to assess distortion, deception and malingering. Overview of other methodologies of assessment of distortion. Emphasis on myths/realities of these methods in light of latest research and clinical evidence and how they may be used by forensic clinicians.
1988	Borderline personality and the crime of fraud among women	Dr. Peggy R. Koopman	psychiatry tapes	1829	Dr. Koopman develops a working theory about the dynamic between the presence of a borderline personality and the commission of the specific crime of fraud among women. Why crime is the overt behavior and why this particular crime are questions that are explored. Clinical examples of patients assessed and treated who exhibit this pattern, include a group of five women who identified themselves as "the fraud squad."
1987	Detection of deception- malingering patients, deceptive litigants, witness distortion (2 tapes)	Jack S Annon PhD	psychology tape	10272	Author presents an original model with which to assess the degree of distortion, deception, or malingering that may be present. Discussion of factors affecting testimony and statements of witnesses, defendants, victims and patients.