YEAR	HARASSMENT AND STALKING	AUTHOR	SOURCE	SELECTION	ABSTRACT
2008	The stalking of forensic mental health evaluators	Neena Sachinvala, M.D. Mohan Nair, M.D.	psychiatry CD	10618	A growing body of literature has looked at the phenomena of stalking of mental health professionals by patients. Less studied is the stalking of forensic evaluators by those they evaluate. Many of the factors that predispose clinicians to being stalked are amplified in the forensic evaluation setting. Forensic evaluations are often adversarial (or perceived as such); they often involve individuals with serious personality disorders, including those who have shown a propensity for violence; the outcome of the evaluation may have a troubling impact on the evaluee. Starting with an overview of the current data in this area, we will present cases from our forensic practice that involve being stalked. Threat assessment and management of these complex cases are reviewed. The audience is encouraged to provide their own experiences, observations and wisdom in this area.--Neena Sachinvala, M.D. is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at UCLA and Director of the UCLA Forensic Psychiatry Fellowship Program. Mohan Nair, M.D. is Assistant Clinical Professor at the UCLA Forensic Psychiatry Fellowship Program and has researched and published in the area of stalking.
2006	Evaluating the severity of psychological injuries from sexual harassment	Helmut Relinger PhD	psychology CD	3260	Litigation of sexual harassment cases has risen over the past two decades to a current level of over 15,000 annually. Compensation awards have also increased dramatically. A critical component of assessing the severity of the damage is the psychological evaluation. It is essential that the clinician not only document the objective psychological and somatic symptoms the victim sustained, but also portray the subjective emotional pain and suffering such that the jury can empathize. This is particularly important if the harassment reactivates a previous emotional trauma. Several cases will be discussed. Attendees will be able to: 1) describe typical psychological injuries suffered from sexual harassment; 2) identify essential components of the psychological evaluation of sexual harassment; 3) be aware of factors influencing the value of harassment cases.
2006	Social framework evidence: why social psychology should not supplant clinical evaluations in harassment and discrimination cases	James McDonald Jr JD	psychology journal	3186	Social framework evidence has been suggested as a potential substitute for forensic psychiatric evaluations in workplace harassment and discrimination cases. The empirical data upon which such evidence is based may be so unreliable as to be inadmissible under FRE 702, however, and social framework evidence ignores the fact that the harm that flows from harassment and discrimination is heterogenous across victims and cannot validly be generalized.
2005	Trial strategy in a sexual harassment case: lawyer and psychiatric perspectives (2 tapes)	David Glaser MD	psychiatry tapes	3158	A panel of experts will demonstrate the various strategic issues involved in the preparation and presentation of a trial of a sexual harassment case. A fact pattern will be presented that will include a PTSD diagnosis, possible presence of Axis II pathology, and efficacy of treatment and prognosis issues. The pragmatic topics to be discussed will include whether each side should retain a psychiatric expert, validity of the PTSD diagnosis, each side s use of the plaintiff s Axis II disorders, and the most effective presentation of each side s case at trial. Audience participation in the panel discussion will be encouraged. Attendees will learn strategies which plaintiffs and defense lawyers may use in presentation of a sexual harassment case at trial as well as how they utilize forensic psychiatrists. Attendees will also be exposed to the perspective of forensic psychiatrists and the issues which they find important in evaluating and testifying in such cases.
2005	Erotomania and stalking: present day conceptualizations	Elena Swartz MD, MPH	psychiatry tapes	3160	The past two decades has seen the emergence of a body of research concerning the pathology of love. In particular, efforts have been made to shed light on a group of individuals who, in the name of love, commit the crime of stalking. Current research challenges previously held assumptions about individuals with a diagnosis of erotomania and individuals who stalk. The purpose of this talk is to examine the current state of literature on this topic. Attendees will be able to correctly define erotomania and stalking; will be able to analyze current controversies in erotomania/stalking literature.
2005	Erotomania and stalking: present day conceptualizations	Elena Swartz MD David Naimark MD	psychiatry journal	7069	The past two decades have seen the emergence of a body of research concerning the pathology of love. In particular, efforts have been made to shed light on a group of individuals whom, in the name of love, commit the crime of stalking. Current research challenges previous held assumptions about individuals with a diagnosis of Erotomania and individuals who stalk. The purpose of this article is to examine the current state of literature on this topic
2003	Assessment and management of individuals with stalking behavior	De Rajesh Nadkarni	psychiatry journal	1375	Stalking as a crime is a social construct of the 20th and 21st Centuries. It has attracted considerable interest and scrutiny from populist, scientific and legal media within the western world over the past decade. The various typologies and classifications advanced over the last decade have their strengths but also their limitations. This is especially so because stalkers in themselves present as a heterogeneous group of individuals whose behavior can often be driven by varied needs and motivations. We predominantly divide stalkers as primary or secondary, based on their essential preoccupation with the victim. In our view, secondary stalkers include individuals who might demonstrate stalking behavior but wherein the preoccupation with the victim is not as paramount when compared to other motivations, for example, in groups such as terrorists, assassins, prowlers and some sexual predators. We provide a multi-axial understanding to the assessment of primary stalkers. The axes include typology wherein primary stalkers are classified as either rejected or idolizing; attachment pathology, which is understood using Bartholomew s Four-Type Model of Adult Attachment; nature of stalking behavior either in the form of physical pursuit, attempts at communication or aggression; presence or absence of mental disorders and victim factors. We believe that an assessment based on the guidelines presented above provides effective strategies in dealing with the needs of stalkers and managing their risks and, therefore, reducing the impact of their behavior.
2003	Psychiatric and forensic aspects of stalkers	Dr Rajesh Nadkarni	psychiatry journal	1372	A significant number of stalkers within the probation sample suffered from psychiatric morbidity. Also, a significant number had been in contact with services prior to their offending. A large proportion of the sample had been convicted of other offenses in the past with nearly half having convictions for violent offending. Stalkers had difficulties in dealing with rejection, which often preceded stalking behavior.
2003	Judicial and amorous stalkers	William Ryan PhD L Thomas Kucharski PhD	psychology journal	2373	Individuals who stalk judges may be a distinct group. An exploratory study was conducted to provide descriptive information and to characterize the psychological deficits and motivations of this group.
2002	Stalking and harassment of psychotherapists	Amanda Dinkelmeyer Matthew Johnson	psychology journal	1371	Mental health professionals are at increased risk for stalking victimization by virtue of their regular contact with unstable individuals. While a growing body of research has focused on stalking behavior in recent years, stalking of psychotherapists by their patients is seldom addressed. The majority of psychotherapists have received little or no training on how to handle potentially violent and harassing patients and are often ill prepared to deal with the situation. Because there is no clinical profile of a stalker, and each case of stalking is different, it is difficult to determine which patients are likely to pose a threat and which strategies will be most effective in ending the harassment. Although future research is needed to establish the efficacy of stalking management strategies, there are a number of clinical, civil and legal options available to clinicians. Among these are limit setting, confrontation, civil orders of protection and prosecution of stalking and stalking related offenses.
2002	Piash effect - psychotherapy-influenced allegations of sexual harassment	Terence Campbell PhD	psychology journal	5319	Social-sexual misconduct in the workplace does not always satisfy the legal criteria of sexual harassment. Determining whether a plaintiff has endured patently hostile or offensive behavior often invites considerable interpretation. The post-event information effect influences the recall of ambiguous events open to interpretation. Applying data related to confirmatory bias, mood-congruent memory, source monitoring errors, attribution theory, and stereotyping demonstrates how psychotherapy can taint the memories of plaintiffs in harassment matters. Plaintiffs can be expected to express therapeutically constructed memories with genuine sincerity. As a result, cross-examination attempting to impeach plaintiffs as fabricating is ill-advised in these circumstances.
1999	Forensic evaluations of sexual harassment	Laraine Zapert PhD	psychology tape	1233	Forensic psychologists are increasingly being called upon to evaluate claims of sexual harassment. This presentation will address the issues involved in appropriately evaluating such claims, review the relevant research and provide guidance for forensic psychologists in performing evaluations. A comprehensive discussion of the issues related to assessing the psychological status of targets of harassment, as well as issues related to evaluating institutional policies and procedures will be presented. Participants will learn the appropriate issues to address in conducting a thorough forensic evaluation in cases of sexual harassment.
1999	Standards for psychiatric testimony in sexual harassment cases	Peter Brown, MD	psychiatry tapes	9075	A focused review of the current research on sexual harassment in the workplace, particularly the evolution of the concept of reasonable victims and the expanded role for psychiatrists in providing consultation/expert testimony.
1999	Recent case law and sexual harassment involving a female transsexual	Douglas Anderson MD	psychiatry tapes	1125	Part of this presentation reviews first successful action in which a male to female transsexual brought charges of sexual harassment against a graduate school professor and a major eastern university.
1997	Forensic evaluation of erotomania in stalking cases of erotomania in stalking cases	William Ryan PhD Thomas Kucharski PhD	psychology tape	10119	Defendants charged with crimes related to stalking were selected as representing three types of erotomania: psychotic, borderline and delusional disorder. Cases were compared on demographics, Rorschach and MMPI-2. As predicted by the typology of erotomania, the borderline subject displayed the least severe perceptual or thinking disorder and the most signs of affective distress. The psychotic erotomanic displayed signs of the most severe thinking disturbance with the delusional disorder erotomanic scoring at an intermediate level. Participants will learn DSM-IV criteria for delusional disorder erotomania, typology of erotomania and psychometric indices of disorder related to erotomania disorders and forensic evaluation.
1997	7 million dollar sexual harassment case - factors that affect jury determinations	Laraine Zapert PhD	psychology tape	10149	In many instances, jury awards in cases of sexual harassment have far exceeded expectations, yet sexual harassment is a complicated and difficult concept to prove. By examining the jury response in a recent multi-million-dollar lawsuit, this presentation focuses on issues involved in reaching a verdict of sexual harassment. It will specifically examine the essential role forensic psychologists can play in assisting attorneys in trial preparation in this area. Participants will learn how to identify and assess a variety of factors that affect jury determinations in sexual harassment cases.
1997	Unrequited love, love sickness, stalking and other psychopathologies of everyday life	Timothy Michals MD Steven Samuel PhD	psychiatry tapes	1272	Some months after their steamy relationship ended, AB began to menace and then obsessively stalk his former girlfriend. His advances spurned, he donned an elaborate female appearing costume and executed his premeditated kidnapping plan, which culminated in his raping his former girlfriend at his father's home. Among data noted at the time of our forensic evaluation of AB were his many articulate letters requesting help from notable public figures and a 600 page treatise illustrating his thoughts and theories about what he had done. An overview of the case, literature related to stalking and associated psychiatric syndromes, including delusional and nondelusional erotomania, will be presented. Methods of psychiatric evaluation in such cases will be addressed. Case examples will highlight stalkers with psychosis versus those with personality disorders. Implications of diagnostic classification with respect to criminal responsibility will also be presented for discussion
1997	Stalking, uxoricide and serial homicide--backlash against women s rights movement	Michael Stone MD	psychiatry tapes	1285	There has been a dramatic increase in the U.S. since the 60s in serial sexual homicide, obsessional stalking, and, to a lesser extent, uxoricide. This trend may be a social symptomatic expression of protest on the part of the sexually and economically insecure men against women who no longer tolerate male "control." These crimes appear to be predominantly phenomena of a socioeconomically disadvantaged population where these insecurities are most intensely felt. Participants will become aware of the personality profiles and social backgrounds which appear to predispose certain males to violently mistreat, brutalize or kill women and how recent cultural changes may have contributed to these acts of aggression.
1997	The role of the forensic psychologist in sexual harassment litigation	Mark Whitehill PhD	psychology tape	10267	no abstract
1996	Role of the mental health professional in harassment and discrimination cases-a moderate perspective	Gerald Cooke PhD	psychology journal	709	Changes in the law have made the psychological effects of harassment/discrimination compensable. The role of mental health professionals and of psychology as a science in these cases has been extensively debated. There are also an increasing number of attempts to define the relationships between types of harassment and the level of emotional distress. As mental health professionals have conducted these evaluations, additional clinical and ethical issues have emerged. The purpose of the present article is to discuss these issues.
1996	Psychological aspects of sexual harassment in the academic workplace- considerations for forensic psychologists	Laraine Zappert PhD	psychology journal	5316	Sexual harassment on college campuses continues to be a hotly debated issue and one that has increasingly become the subject of costly litigation. Forensic psychologists are often retained to assess the credibility of allegations of sexual harassment, as well as the extent of damages incurred. In order for forensic psychologists to correctly assess allegations and damages, an understanding of the effects of sexual harassment in the university context must include a full account of the unique circumstances of its occurrence. This article examines the issues which make universities unique as work environments, the ways in which these characteristics contribute to incidents of such harassment on campus, and the psychological consequences of sexual harassment in the academic setting. Legend has it that when the Faculty Senate of Harvard University was debating the merits of the first university sexual harassment policy to expressly prohibit consensual relations between professors and students, an eminent professor of economics stood to address his colleagues and informed them that he was willing to comply with this new policy, but it would necessitate his divorcing his wife of thirty years. Such is the nature of sexual history at many universities. In recent years, the issue of sexual harassment has ignited emotionally charged debates across campuses nationwide.
1996	Psychological aspects of sexual harassment in the academic workplace- considerations for forensic psychologists	Laraine Zappert PhD	psychology tape	1362	Sexual harassment on college campuses continues to be a hotly debated issue and one that has increasingly become the subject of costly litigation. Forensic psychologists are often retained to assess the credibility of allegations of sexual harassment, as well as the extent of damages incurred. In order for forensic psychologists to correctly assess allegations and damages, an understanding of the effects of sexual harassment in the university context must include a full account of the unique circumstances of its occurrence. This article examines the issues which make universities unique as work environments, the ways in which these characteristics contribute to incidents of such harassment on campus, and the psychological consequences of sexual harassment in the academic setting. Legend has it that when the Faculty Senate of Harvard University was debating the merits of the first university sexual harassment policy to expressly prohibit consensual relations between professors and students, an eminent professor of economics stood to address his colleagues and informed them that he was willing to comply with this new policy, but it would necessitate his divorcing his wife of thirty years. Such is the nature of sexual history at many universities. In recent years, the issue of sexual harassment has ignited emotionally charged debates across campuses nationwide.
1995	Sexual harassment and domestic violence	Eduaardo Rueda-Vasquez MD	psychology tape	1467	no abstract
1995	Sexual harassment at work: lesbian/transsexual issues	Eva Rado MD	psychiatry tapes	1347	no abstract
1995	Sexual harassment in the workplace	Vladimir Nacev PhD	psychology tape	1397	no abstract
1994	Molly D'Errico v. the City of Philadelphia-harassment case-betrayal of trust	Eric Fine MD	psychiatry tapes	1881	The patient in this case was told by her employer, a traffic judge, that people were spying on her, that her phones were tapped and her office bugged. She kept an "enemy list" and her boss prohibited her from speaking to anyone on the list, many of whom were traffic court employees. It was in the context of this pathological relationship that the patient exhibited intense anxiety, fearing that if she contradicted the judge she would be fired and blackballed. Her symptoms became so intense that she required psychiatric treatment and was unable to return to work. The objectives of this presentation are 1) to demonstrate how betrayal of trust can result in severe psychiatric pathology; 2) to learn how to effectively treat such a disorder and 3) how to work with plaintiff's attorney in the legal ramifications of such a case.
1994	Sexual harassment litigation- from reasonable woman to reasonable person	Eric Marcus MD	psychiatry journal	1315	This article is a discussion of sexual harassment claims from the perspective of both the litigator and the psychiatrist retained either to support or refute the plaintiff's allegations. A balanced evaluation of a plaintiff's claim is best made from reviewing objective data medical and personnel reports, depositions and psychological test reports, including the testing raw data.
1993	Psychological characteristics of judicial threateners and stalkers	Thomas Kuchaski PhD	psychology tape	1384	The psychological characteristics of five men who were admitted to the Federal Medical Center, Rochester, Minnesota for forensic evaluation, and who had threatened and/or stalked members of the judiciary, will be presented. While diverse diagnostically, all presented with prominent paranoid symptomatology, above average intellectual abilities, high educational achievement, strong work histories, marked denial of psychiatric illness, and significant narcissistic qualities. Judicial threateners will be contrasted with other patients who have threatened public or private figures. Factors related to risk of assault will be discussed. Participants will become familiar with the psychological and psychiatric characteristics of men who threaten and/or stalk members of the judiciary which will in turn help identify patients at risk of assault to judges and courtroom personnel.
1993	Sexual harassment and gender bias	Ronald Shlensky MD, JD	psychiatry journal	8047	no abstract
1992	Sexual harassment-10 cases- causes and pitfalls- case reviews	John Ravin MD	psychiatry tapes	1904	Ten sexual harassment cases involving a variety of litigants evaluated by the speaker are presented, along with the issues raised in evaluation and treatment. Causes of sexual harassment are examined and latent pitfalls in these types of cases. Emphasis is given to the clinical evaluation of sexual harassment cases and the need for competent psychiatric testimony.
1992	Sexual harassment case: psychiatric and legal issues	Ronald Shlensky MD, JD	psychiatry tapes	1905	no abstract at this time
1991	Written threats and fan letters	Bruce Danto MD	psychology tape	1850	Psychiatrist discusses stalkers and letter writers who exhibit dangerous propensities. Private practice cases and work with criminal investigation services; profiling through psychological analysis of threatening letters.