INTERVIEWING

YEAR
INTERVIEWING
AUTHOR SOURCE SELECTION ABSTRACT
2008 Interviewing the child in the child custody assessment Michael F. Elterman, PhD psychology CD 10813 Interviewing the child in a custody assessment presents many ethical and procedural problems and issues. Some of these include confidentiality, consent and the role of influence depending on who brings the child. We are required to assess attachment and continuity of care without asking the child for an explicit choice. Much has to be decided by the assessor through inference and observation. This presentation will serve as a primer on the key issues and procedures required to provide an accurate and ethical assessment of the child

2008 Interviewing the child in the child custody assessment Michael Elterman, MBA, Ph.D. psychology CD 10663 Interviewing the child in a custody assessment presents many ethical and procedural problems and issues. Some of these include confidentiality, consent and the role of influence depending on who brings the child. We are required to assess attachment and continuity of care without asking the child for an explicit choice. Much has to be decided by the assessor through inference and observation. This presentation will serve as a primer on the key issues and procedures required to provide an accurate and ethical assessment of the child.--Dr. Michael Elterman has been in private practice since 1982 and has conducted over 2500 assessments. He has served as a consultant to government on the issue of child custody and access and his practice has been mainly in this area.

1991 More effective child interviewing procedures in sexual abuse allegations (2 tapes) Ralph Underwager PhD
Hollida Wakefield MA psychology tape 10262 The goal of interviewing children, when there is an accusation of child sexual abuse, should be to allow the most accurate and reliable statements a child can make. This workshop proposes a model of facilitation rather than investigation, evaluation, or "disclosure interviews." Guidelines for adult behaviors that will more effectively facilitate maximum reliability statements by children, as well as supportive research data, are presented.

1997 Nuts and bolts of interviewing in child sexual abuse evaluations William O. Hambacher, Ph.D. psychology tape 1247 The child sexual abuse interview lies at the center of the child sexual abuse evaluation and in large part determines the validity of the child sexual abuse evaluation. The process of conducting valid child sexual abuse interviews is examined in detail beginning with the establishment of rapport and proceeding to the termination of the interview. Participants will develop sufficient expertise to be able to conduct valid child sexual abuse interviews, and be cognizant of potential errors in conducting child sexual abuse interviews.

1989 Guidelines for videotape interviews in child sexual abuse cases Nancy Slicner PhD
Steven Hanson MFS psychology journal 5283 Videotape interviews of children, who are suspected of having been victims of sexual abuse or exploitation, is a relatively new, proliferating and controversial method of psychological interviewing. Following a review of several hundred videotaped interviews, authors present suggestions for conducting the videotape interview, review the most common errors made and offer recommendations for improving strategies and techniques for producing sound, factual and relevant documents able to withstand vigorous adversarial legal scrutiny and examination in the courtroom.

1989 Evaluating the child witness in sexual abuse cases- interview or inquisition Hollida Wakefield MA
Ralph Underwager PhD
psychology journal 5307 Interrogation can be a learning experience for the child. The procedures by which children are interviewed when sexual abuse is suspected show a common pattern. These interviews have a high potential for diminishing reliability of statements that children make. Techniques involving drawings, books, play therapy and anatomical dolls have not been validated for assessing sexual abuse and may well introduce error into the interviews. Children who are interviewed repeatedly learn more and more what the interrogator expects and learn what to say or do to obtain a positive feedback. The child may even come to believe that the abuse happened, even if the allegations were false. 76 references

1989 Child custody evaluations, interviewing, testing and expert testimony J Wineman PhD psychology tape 1499 Statutes and case law surrounding child custody determinations and the integration of psychological data, interview and test results, in formulating an opinion for the court.

1994 From memory drum to superior court-the eyewitness situation, interview, expert testimony (2 tapes) R Edward Geiselman PhD psychology tape 10056 The goal of this workshop is to provide attendees with the practical knowledge needed by psychologists who are asked to evaluate and testify in legal cases involving credibility of eyewitnesses.

1989 Critical review of techniques for interviewing children Ralph Underwager PhD and Hollida Wakefield MA psychology tape 10037 Many interview techniques used with children lack required validity and reliability and must be used in accordance with strict ethical requirements relating to assessment procedures.

1991 A police brutality case - transcript of interview with plaintiff Marvin Ziporyn MD psychiatry tapes 1844 Psychiatrist comments on a taped interview of a female driver who was, according to the expert, victim of police misconduct.

1991 Interviewing and interrogation- methods for determining truth and deception Jack S Annon PhD psychology tape 1919 The goal of interrogation is primarily to detect deliberate secrecy and deliberate fabrication. Interview and interrogation templates used by law enforcement in eliciting confessions and contrast models used in experimental, developmental and clinical psychology for determining accuracy and validity of statements and discussed. Certain methods from psychology appear to show as much accuracy as hypnosis, without the dangers of induction.

1996 Cognitive interview- legal alternative to forensic hypnosis R Edward Geiselman PhD psychology tape 1441 The Cognitive Interview (CI) is a collection of memory retrieval and communications techniques that can be used to interview victims and witnesses of crime. Versions of CI have been tried by law enforcement personnel and other professionals for over a decade. During this time, CI has been expanded and refined to meet the capabilities of special groups including the mentally retarded, rape victims, and children. The empirical research, case studies from the field, and legal challenges are discussed. Forensic psychologists will learn an interview technique that is a legally acceptable alternative to forensic hypnosis. In addition, they will be familiarized with the research and legal bases in support of the technique.

1997 Differential efficacies of interview techniques in assessment of statement credibility Cheryl K. Hiscock, PhD
psychology tape 1252 The successful adjudication of an alleged crime depends on information obtained in the investigative process. Most of this information comes from statements by victims, witnesses and suspects, affirmations subject to unintentional and intentional distortion. The present study investigates the process of an ongoing deceptive interaction in order to characterize the transactional nature of deception and for indices of statement credibility. A relevant study of inmates who were witnesses to a staged crime and instructed to report either honestly or in a biased manner will be discussed. Participants will be introduced to the types of statements elicited by structured and cognitive interview techniques. Presentation will encompass theoretical implications and innovative utilizations of contemporary techniques.

1986 Rape-psychiatric interviews with five rapists Fred Berlin MD, PhD psychiatry journal 5063 Rapists tend to be overly assaultive, hypersexual males from the criminal subculture who can accept a wide range of sexual gratification and who exhibit a significant level of emotional disturbance. Offenders who exhibit the greatest future rape potential have often been involved in the following triad of crimes: heterosexual pedophilia, voyeurism and molestation of women in a lonely place. 2 tapes or journal article

2002 Cross-cultural issues in unveiling family secrets: effective interviewing of "death penalty families" Adrienne C Davis PhD psychology tape 10221 In addition to the countless hours a mental health professional spends with the accused, scores of hours are spent interviewing the defendant s family who are often resistant to the process but who hold valuable information about the defendant s life. This information is often critical to understanding the defendant and the factors that predispose to criminal behavior. Moreover, this information is an integral part of a psychologist s testimony during the penalty phase. Attendees will learn how to avoid common interviewing pitfalls, and how to broaden one s interviewing and evaluation strategies for work with death penalty families.

2003 Does truth serum reveal the truth? A videotaped interview Kenneth I. Gottlieb, MD psychiatry tapes 3026 The presentation centers on a 25 minute videotaped interview of a 20-year-old man who presented to hospital with complete psychogenic amnesia. During a sodium amytal interview he regained complete recovery of memory as well as memory of some events that did not happen, i.e., false memories. The implications for clinical and forensic work are discussed. The techniques, risks, benefits and therapeutic utility of the sodium amytal interview are addressed.

2006 Guidelines on investigatory interviewing of children: what is the general consensus in the scientific community? Hollida Wakefield MA psychology tape 3081 Research over the last several years dramatically demonstrates how child witnesses are susceptible to misleading information given to them in leading and suggestive interviews. As a result of this research, professionals now agree on the basic ways children must be interviewed in order to get accurate, uncontaminated, forensically useful information. Interviewers must avoid preexisting preconceptions about what happened and encourage children to tell about relevant events in their own words and interviews should be taped. But despite this consensus, field interviewers often fail to use proper techniques. Instead, they readily slip into interviewing behaviors that risk compromising the reliability of the information obtained.

2006 Interviewing witnesses of crime R Edward Geiselman PhD psychology tape 3234 The original Cognitive Interview was created, refined, and implemented with funding from the U.S. Department of Justice between 1984 and 1992. The CI is based on memory-retrieval theory from cognitive psychology as well as dyadic communications theory. The CI has been modified for rape and other traumatized victims, mentally challenged persons, and children. The CI has been established as standard procedure for federal, state, and local law-enforcement agencies as well as for all peace officers in the UK. The history of this work will be presented. Attendees will learn about 1) effective techniques for conducting interviews; 2) the application of basic research in psychology to address a real-world need; 3) eyewitness psychology as a science.

2006 Method for evaluating child forensic interviews Matthew Fanetti PhD, William O'Donohue PhD
psychology journal 7025 Although several researchers have developed guidelines for investigatory interviewing of children involved in sexual abuse allegations, problematic interviewing practices are still commonplace. The consequences of problematic interviewing techniques include a) the production of obviously inaccurate testimony by the child, b) the conviction and incarceration of innocent defendants (or the reverse) due to questionable child interviews, the loss of confidence in child reports, and d) the traumatization of children by possibly creating abuse memories and/or by participation in the legal process.

2007 When the Victim Cannot Remember: Options for the Forensic Interviewer Edward Geiselman Ph.D. psychology CD 10348 On rare occasion, the victim of a traumatic crime appears completely amnesic for the targeted time interval. Explanations include loss of consciousness or dissociation at encoding, suppression at retrieval, and ordinary forgetting. When memory does not recover spontaneously over time, therapeutic concerns compete with the goals of the investigative interviewer. Ethical issues facing the interviewer of trauma victims will be discussed.

1988 The psychological interview in criminal cases-The forensic interview and commentaries (entire journal, 90 pages) The psychological interview (group) psychology journal 8136 no abstract

2009 Forensic assessment interview screening for intoxicant use patterns in public safety applicants Marcia Scott MD, Ronn Johnsons PhD Psychiatry CD 10570 This presentation examines that portion of the interview devoted to alcohol or intoxicant use patterns of public safety candidates. A model for formulating questions is presented along with interview techniques in the absence of background information. Techniques are also discussed for handling candidates when contradictory data is uncovered. Ethical issues associated with use of testing related to intoxicant use as well as potential negligent risk hirer issues are examined. The presentation concludes by identifying potential cultural factors while interviewing public safety applicants. Marcia Scott, M.D. is a lecturer at Harvard Medical School and consultant to the Boston Police Department. Ronn Johnson, Ph.D. is Associate Professor and Coordinator of the Clinical Mental Health Program at the University of San Diego. He has conducted thousands of interviews on law enforcement applicants across the country.

2009 Grounding custody evaluations with rationale and interview data Michael Firmin PhD psychology CD 10587 Judges and attorneys are accustomed to approaching documents with logic and rationale that support assertions made. Obviously, forensic psychologists do not write legal briefs or any legal documents. Nonetheless, psychologists objectives are best served if they frame their documents in ways that are most understandable and usable by the court. In the present context, a case is made for providing judges and attorneys involved with child custody evaluations with three important components: (a) conclusions that are explicitly grounded in data collected during the evaluation, (b) making explicit assumptions on which conclusions were drawn, and (c) a clear and explicit rationale for why the psychologist drew the stated conclusion. This process aids judges and attorneys in grasping the psychologist s recommendations, assists attorneys in preparing for direct and cross examinations, and helps the psychologist to prepare for likely questions that will be faced when defending custody reports. Michael W. Firmin is a licensed psychologist in Ohio, with a part-time private practice in forensic psychology. He is professor and chair of the psychology department at Cedarville University in Cedarville, Ohio.

2006 Interviewing witnesses of crime R Edward Geiselman PhD psychology CD 10708 The original Cognitive Interview was created, refined, and implemented with funding from the U.S. Department of Justice between 1984 and 1992. The CI is based on memory-retrieval theory from cognitive psychology as well as dyadic communications theory. The CI has been modified for rape and other traumatized victims, mentally challenged persons, and children. The CI has been established as standard procedure for federal, state, and local law-enforcement agencies as well as for all peace officers in the UK. The history of this work will be presented. Attendees will learn about 1) effective techniques for conducting interviews; 2) the application of basic research in psychology to address a real-world need; 3) eyewitness psychology as a science.

2009 Evaluating forensic interviewing of children in sexual abuse cases-guidelines for the forensic psychiatrist Lauren Brackenbury psychiatry journal 5082 In cases of alleged sexual abuse of children, one of the goals of a forensic evaluation is to elicit the most accurate and complete account of the alleged event for the court. One complication in child interviewing situations is the issue of suggestibility, which has been defined as the act or process of impressing something (an idea, attitude or desired action) on the mind of another (1). A suggestive technique is a mode of questioning that is leading and can therefore encourage children to make false allegations. The use of suggestive techniques can severely impair the veracity of a subject s narrative. This issue is especially pertinent when interviewing young children, who are more vulnerable to suggestive techniques their answers can be easily affected by the manner in which they are questioned. The younger the child, the more susceptible he or she is to suggestion, with preschoolers being the most vulnerable of all (2, 3). The best method of encouraging accurate testimony is to strenuously avoid the use of suggestive techniques. The goal of this article is to assist the forensic psychiatrist in evaluating a child s forensic interview for the court. In order to fulfill this goal, a review of the proper techniques of forensic interviewing will be discussed in the context of a sexual abuse case. Please note that the following interview techniques may need to be modified based on the age of the child.

1989 Video tape interview with serial murderer and discussion J Reid Meloy PhD psychology tape 1813 Videotaped criminal interview and case analysis.

YEAR	INTERVIEWING	AUTHOR	SOURCE	SELECTION	ABSTRACT
2008	Interviewing the child in the child custody assessment	Michael F. Elterman, PhD	psychology CD	10813	Interviewing the child in a custody assessment presents many ethical and procedural problems and issues. Some of these include confidentiality, consent and the role of influence depending on who brings the child. We are required to assess attachment and continuity of care without asking the child for an explicit choice. Much has to be decided by the assessor through inference and observation. This presentation will serve as a primer on the key issues and procedures required to provide an accurate and ethical assessment of the child
2008	Interviewing the child in the child custody assessment	Michael Elterman, MBA, Ph.D.	psychology CD	10663	Interviewing the child in a custody assessment presents many ethical and procedural problems and issues. Some of these include confidentiality, consent and the role of influence depending on who brings the child. We are required to assess attachment and continuity of care without asking the child for an explicit choice. Much has to be decided by the assessor through inference and observation. This presentation will serve as a primer on the key issues and procedures required to provide an accurate and ethical assessment of the child.--Dr. Michael Elterman has been in private practice since 1982 and has conducted over 2500 assessments. He has served as a consultant to government on the issue of child custody and access and his practice has been mainly in this area.
1991	More effective child interviewing procedures in sexual abuse allegations (2 tapes)	Ralph Underwager PhD Hollida Wakefield MA	psychology tape	10262	The goal of interviewing children, when there is an accusation of child sexual abuse, should be to allow the most accurate and reliable statements a child can make. This workshop proposes a model of facilitation rather than investigation, evaluation, or "disclosure interviews." Guidelines for adult behaviors that will more effectively facilitate maximum reliability statements by children, as well as supportive research data, are presented.
1997	Nuts and bolts of interviewing in child sexual abuse evaluations	William O. Hambacher, Ph.D.	psychology tape	1247	The child sexual abuse interview lies at the center of the child sexual abuse evaluation and in large part determines the validity of the child sexual abuse evaluation. The process of conducting valid child sexual abuse interviews is examined in detail beginning with the establishment of rapport and proceeding to the termination of the interview. Participants will develop sufficient expertise to be able to conduct valid child sexual abuse interviews, and be cognizant of potential errors in conducting child sexual abuse interviews.
1989	Guidelines for videotape interviews in child sexual abuse cases	Nancy Slicner PhD Steven Hanson MFS	psychology journal	5283	Videotape interviews of children, who are suspected of having been victims of sexual abuse or exploitation, is a relatively new, proliferating and controversial method of psychological interviewing. Following a review of several hundred videotaped interviews, authors present suggestions for conducting the videotape interview, review the most common errors made and offer recommendations for improving strategies and techniques for producing sound, factual and relevant documents able to withstand vigorous adversarial legal scrutiny and examination in the courtroom.
1989	Evaluating the child witness in sexual abuse cases- interview or inquisition	Hollida Wakefield MA Ralph Underwager PhD	psychology journal	5307	Interrogation can be a learning experience for the child. The procedures by which children are interviewed when sexual abuse is suspected show a common pattern. These interviews have a high potential for diminishing reliability of statements that children make. Techniques involving drawings, books, play therapy and anatomical dolls have not been validated for assessing sexual abuse and may well introduce error into the interviews. Children who are interviewed repeatedly learn more and more what the interrogator expects and learn what to say or do to obtain a positive feedback. The child may even come to believe that the abuse happened, even if the allegations were false. 76 references
1989	Child custody evaluations, interviewing, testing and expert testimony	J Wineman PhD	psychology tape	1499	Statutes and case law surrounding child custody determinations and the integration of psychological data, interview and test results, in formulating an opinion for the court.
1994	From memory drum to superior court-the eyewitness situation, interview, expert testimony (2 tapes)	R Edward Geiselman PhD	psychology tape	10056	The goal of this workshop is to provide attendees with the practical knowledge needed by psychologists who are asked to evaluate and testify in legal cases involving credibility of eyewitnesses.
1989	Critical review of techniques for interviewing children	Ralph Underwager PhD and Hollida Wakefield MA	psychology tape	10037	Many interview techniques used with children lack required validity and reliability and must be used in accordance with strict ethical requirements relating to assessment procedures.
1991	A police brutality case - transcript of interview with plaintiff	Marvin Ziporyn MD	psychiatry tapes	1844	Psychiatrist comments on a taped interview of a female driver who was, according to the expert, victim of police misconduct.
1991	Interviewing and interrogation- methods for determining truth and deception	Jack S Annon PhD	psychology tape	1919	The goal of interrogation is primarily to detect deliberate secrecy and deliberate fabrication. Interview and interrogation templates used by law enforcement in eliciting confessions and contrast models used in experimental, developmental and clinical psychology for determining accuracy and validity of statements and discussed. Certain methods from psychology appear to show as much accuracy as hypnosis, without the dangers of induction.
1996	Cognitive interview- legal alternative to forensic hypnosis	R Edward Geiselman PhD	psychology tape	1441	The Cognitive Interview (CI) is a collection of memory retrieval and communications techniques that can be used to interview victims and witnesses of crime. Versions of CI have been tried by law enforcement personnel and other professionals for over a decade. During this time, CI has been expanded and refined to meet the capabilities of special groups including the mentally retarded, rape victims, and children. The empirical research, case studies from the field, and legal challenges are discussed. Forensic psychologists will learn an interview technique that is a legally acceptable alternative to forensic hypnosis. In addition, they will be familiarized with the research and legal bases in support of the technique.
1997	Differential efficacies of interview techniques in assessment of statement credibility	Cheryl K. Hiscock, PhD	psychology tape	1252	The successful adjudication of an alleged crime depends on information obtained in the investigative process. Most of this information comes from statements by victims, witnesses and suspects, affirmations subject to unintentional and intentional distortion. The present study investigates the process of an ongoing deceptive interaction in order to characterize the transactional nature of deception and for indices of statement credibility. A relevant study of inmates who were witnesses to a staged crime and instructed to report either honestly or in a biased manner will be discussed. Participants will be introduced to the types of statements elicited by structured and cognitive interview techniques. Presentation will encompass theoretical implications and innovative utilizations of contemporary techniques.
1986	Rape-psychiatric interviews with five rapists	Fred Berlin MD, PhD	psychiatry journal	5063	Rapists tend to be overly assaultive, hypersexual males from the criminal subculture who can accept a wide range of sexual gratification and who exhibit a significant level of emotional disturbance. Offenders who exhibit the greatest future rape potential have often been involved in the following triad of crimes: heterosexual pedophilia, voyeurism and molestation of women in a lonely place. 2 tapes or journal article
2002	Cross-cultural issues in unveiling family secrets: effective interviewing of "death penalty families"	Adrienne C Davis PhD	psychology tape	10221	In addition to the countless hours a mental health professional spends with the accused, scores of hours are spent interviewing the defendant s family who are often resistant to the process but who hold valuable information about the defendant s life. This information is often critical to understanding the defendant and the factors that predispose to criminal behavior. Moreover, this information is an integral part of a psychologist s testimony during the penalty phase. Attendees will learn how to avoid common interviewing pitfalls, and how to broaden one s interviewing and evaluation strategies for work with death penalty families.
2003	Does truth serum reveal the truth? A videotaped interview	Kenneth I. Gottlieb, MD	psychiatry tapes	3026	The presentation centers on a 25 minute videotaped interview of a 20-year-old man who presented to hospital with complete psychogenic amnesia. During a sodium amytal interview he regained complete recovery of memory as well as memory of some events that did not happen, i.e., false memories. The implications for clinical and forensic work are discussed. The techniques, risks, benefits and therapeutic utility of the sodium amytal interview are addressed.
2006	Guidelines on investigatory interviewing of children: what is the general consensus in the scientific community?	Hollida Wakefield MA	psychology tape	3081	Research over the last several years dramatically demonstrates how child witnesses are susceptible to misleading information given to them in leading and suggestive interviews. As a result of this research, professionals now agree on the basic ways children must be interviewed in order to get accurate, uncontaminated, forensically useful information. Interviewers must avoid preexisting preconceptions about what happened and encourage children to tell about relevant events in their own words and interviews should be taped. But despite this consensus, field interviewers often fail to use proper techniques. Instead, they readily slip into interviewing behaviors that risk compromising the reliability of the information obtained.
2006	Interviewing witnesses of crime	R Edward Geiselman PhD	psychology tape	3234	The original Cognitive Interview was created, refined, and implemented with funding from the U.S. Department of Justice between 1984 and 1992. The CI is based on memory-retrieval theory from cognitive psychology as well as dyadic communications theory. The CI has been modified for rape and other traumatized victims, mentally challenged persons, and children. The CI has been established as standard procedure for federal, state, and local law-enforcement agencies as well as for all peace officers in the UK. The history of this work will be presented. Attendees will learn about 1) effective techniques for conducting interviews; 2) the application of basic research in psychology to address a real-world need; 3) eyewitness psychology as a science.
2006	Method for evaluating child forensic interviews	Matthew Fanetti PhD, William O'Donohue PhD	psychology journal	7025	Although several researchers have developed guidelines for investigatory interviewing of children involved in sexual abuse allegations, problematic interviewing practices are still commonplace. The consequences of problematic interviewing techniques include a) the production of obviously inaccurate testimony by the child, b) the conviction and incarceration of innocent defendants (or the reverse) due to questionable child interviews, the loss of confidence in child reports, and d) the traumatization of children by possibly creating abuse memories and/or by participation in the legal process.
2007	When the Victim Cannot Remember: Options for the Forensic Interviewer	Edward Geiselman Ph.D.	psychology CD	10348	On rare occasion, the victim of a traumatic crime appears completely amnesic for the targeted time interval. Explanations include loss of consciousness or dissociation at encoding, suppression at retrieval, and ordinary forgetting. When memory does not recover spontaneously over time, therapeutic concerns compete with the goals of the investigative interviewer. Ethical issues facing the interviewer of trauma victims will be discussed.
1988	The psychological interview in criminal cases-The forensic interview and commentaries (entire journal, 90 pages)	The psychological interview (group)	psychology journal	8136	no abstract
2009	Forensic assessment interview screening for intoxicant use patterns in public safety applicants	Marcia Scott MD, Ronn Johnsons PhD	Psychiatry CD	10570	This presentation examines that portion of the interview devoted to alcohol or intoxicant use patterns of public safety candidates. A model for formulating questions is presented along with interview techniques in the absence of background information. Techniques are also discussed for handling candidates when contradictory data is uncovered. Ethical issues associated with use of testing related to intoxicant use as well as potential negligent risk hirer issues are examined. The presentation concludes by identifying potential cultural factors while interviewing public safety applicants. Marcia Scott, M.D. is a lecturer at Harvard Medical School and consultant to the Boston Police Department. Ronn Johnson, Ph.D. is Associate Professor and Coordinator of the Clinical Mental Health Program at the University of San Diego. He has conducted thousands of interviews on law enforcement applicants across the country.
2009	Grounding custody evaluations with rationale and interview data	Michael Firmin PhD	psychology CD	10587	Judges and attorneys are accustomed to approaching documents with logic and rationale that support assertions made. Obviously, forensic psychologists do not write legal briefs or any legal documents. Nonetheless, psychologists objectives are best served if they frame their documents in ways that are most understandable and usable by the court. In the present context, a case is made for providing judges and attorneys involved with child custody evaluations with three important components: (a) conclusions that are explicitly grounded in data collected during the evaluation, (b) making explicit assumptions on which conclusions were drawn, and (c) a clear and explicit rationale for why the psychologist drew the stated conclusion. This process aids judges and attorneys in grasping the psychologist s recommendations, assists attorneys in preparing for direct and cross examinations, and helps the psychologist to prepare for likely questions that will be faced when defending custody reports. Michael W. Firmin is a licensed psychologist in Ohio, with a part-time private practice in forensic psychology. He is professor and chair of the psychology department at Cedarville University in Cedarville, Ohio.
2006	Interviewing witnesses of crime	R Edward Geiselman PhD	psychology CD	10708	The original Cognitive Interview was created, refined, and implemented with funding from the U.S. Department of Justice between 1984 and 1992. The CI is based on memory-retrieval theory from cognitive psychology as well as dyadic communications theory. The CI has been modified for rape and other traumatized victims, mentally challenged persons, and children. The CI has been established as standard procedure for federal, state, and local law-enforcement agencies as well as for all peace officers in the UK. The history of this work will be presented. Attendees will learn about 1) effective techniques for conducting interviews; 2) the application of basic research in psychology to address a real-world need; 3) eyewitness psychology as a science.
2009	Evaluating forensic interviewing of children in sexual abuse cases-guidelines for the forensic psychiatrist	Lauren Brackenbury	psychiatry journal	5082	In cases of alleged sexual abuse of children, one of the goals of a forensic evaluation is to elicit the most accurate and complete account of the alleged event for the court. One complication in child interviewing situations is the issue of suggestibility, which has been defined as the act or process of impressing something (an idea, attitude or desired action) on the mind of another (1). A suggestive technique is a mode of questioning that is leading and can therefore encourage children to make false allegations. The use of suggestive techniques can severely impair the veracity of a subject s narrative. This issue is especially pertinent when interviewing young children, who are more vulnerable to suggestive techniques their answers can be easily affected by the manner in which they are questioned. The younger the child, the more susceptible he or she is to suggestion, with preschoolers being the most vulnerable of all (2, 3). The best method of encouraging accurate testimony is to strenuously avoid the use of suggestive techniques. The goal of this article is to assist the forensic psychiatrist in evaluating a child s forensic interview for the court. In order to fulfill this goal, a review of the proper techniques of forensic interviewing will be discussed in the context of a sexual abuse case. Please note that the following interview techniques may need to be modified based on the age of the child.
1989	Video tape interview with serial murderer and discussion	J Reid Meloy PhD	psychology tape	1813	Videotaped criminal interview and case analysis.